![]() King Lear was written shortly after Othello, and their villains use similar techniques of faux innocence, hoping to influence their respective victims. “It is his hand, my lord but I hope his heart is not in the contents.”Įdmund is seen scheming from his very first appearance in the play, as he embarks on a plot against his half-brother, Edgar, that sees him forge a letter stating that Edgar is plotting against their father. This soliloquy is littered with the hard, plosive ‘b’ sound, which becomes a feature of his speech and reflects his anger that bastard offspring are excluded from the social order. ![]() In Early Modern drama bastards are generally coded as villains, so the audience would expect Edmund to be villainous. In his first speech that addresses the audience, Edmund bemoans his status as a bastard and states that illegitimate offspring are as good as their more respected legitimate peers. My mind as generous, and my shape as true, He’s also frequently alone on stage, allowing him to share his thoughts and schemes with the audience. Resentful of his position and envious of his legitimate half-brother, Edgar, he’s a scheming villain in the mode of Aaron from Titus Andronicus and Iago in Othello and manipulates many of the characters in the play. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.Edmund is the illegitimate son of the Earl of Gloucester. ![]() But neither the United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.
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